Donald Trump's hair has been a subject of fascination for years due to its unique style—often described as a sweeping comb-over. Despite rumours of wigs or hair treatments, Trump has insisted his hair is natural, and he has not publicly confirmed whether he uses hair loss treatments, but there are some indications that suggest he may have used them in the past. 

According to a 2017 report by The New York Times, his personal physician at the time, Dr. Harold Bornstein, stated that Trump was prescribed finasteride (marketed as Propecia), a drug commonly used to treat male pattern baldness. Finasteride works by reducing the hormone DHT (dihydrotestosterone), which can cause hair follicles to shrink and stop producing hair.

However, Trump himself has not openly discussed using hair loss treatments, so this information comes second-hand from his physician. Whether or not he continues to use finasteride or any other treatments for hair loss remains speculative. 

There has been a lot of speculation about Donald Trump's use of a hair surgery, but there's no confirmed evidence that he has undergone a hair transplant, or anything of its kind. Instead, Trump has always insisted that his hair is real. In interviews and public appearances, he's often joked about the rumours surrounding his hair and even allowed people to touch it to prove it's not a wig.

Trump's unique hairstyle, with its signature swoop, has been a point of curiosity. Some experts and observers have speculated that his look might be the result of specific hair treatments, such as scalp reduction surgery, where parts of the bald scalp are removed, or strategic styling to cover thinning areas. 

Other theories claim Trump may have been using the FDA approved, over-the-counter topical medication, minoxidil. Minoxidil works by stimulating hair follicles, promoting hair regrowth, and slowing hair thinning. It's commonly sold under the brand name Rogaine and is applied directly to the scalp. 

Like millions of men with hair loss, Trump could may well have opted for the safer and more natural treatment for hair loss in the form of a specialist hair supplement like HR23+. HR23+ is a hair growth supplement formulated to reduce hair loss and promote thicker, stronger hair. It contains a blend of vitamins, minerals, and plant extracts that a specifically designed to support healthy hair growth and prevent thinning. It has shown to be effective in 9 out of 10 users. 

While there are many theories, it's clear that his hairstyle has become iconic and a recognisable part of his public image.

Hair loss is very common in men, with about 65% experiencing some degree of hair thinning or baldness by the age of 50. Male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) is the most common cause, and it can begin as early as a man's 20s or 30s. By the age of 70, around 80% of men show signs of hair loss.

Approximately 25-30% of men experiencing hair loss use some form of treatment, such as medications (like minoxidil or finasteride), supplements, or hair restoration procedures. However, the percentage varies based on factors like age, severity of hair loss, and access to treatments.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a form of lichen planus that primarily affects the scalp, leading to scarring hair loss. It is a chronic inflammatory condition, and treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and preventing further hair loss. Treatment often involves a combination of topical, oral, and sometimes injectable therapies. The following are common approaches to LPP treatment:

1. Topical Treatments

• Topical corticosteroids: High-potency corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation on the scalp. These are usually applied directly to affected areas to decrease redness and itching.
• Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Medications such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus may be used as alternatives to steroids to reduce inflammation without the risk of skin thinning associated with long-term steroid use.

2. Oral Medications

• Oral corticosteroids: Prednisone or other systemic steroids can be used in short courses to reduce severe inflammation, especially in active or aggressive cases.
• Hydroxychloroquine: An anti-malarial drug often used in autoimmune conditions, hydroxychloroquine is frequently prescribed for LPP to reduce inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive agents: Drugs like methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or cyclosporine may be considered in cases resistant to other treatments. These help suppress the immune system and control inflammation.
• Tetracyclines: Doxycycline and minocycline, which have anti-inflammatory properties, may help reduce scalp inflammation.
• Retinoids: Oral retinoids like acitretin can help treat severe cases of LPP, though they can cause side effects.

3. Injectable Therapies

• Intralesional corticosteroid injections: Triamcinolone injections can be administered directly into areas of inflammation on the scalp to reduce localized inflammation and stop progression.

4. Other Therapies

• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): Though not universally used, some doctors use PRP injections to promote hair regrowth and reduce inflammation, although its efficacy in LPP is still being studied.
• Laser therapy: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may be considered as a supportive treatment to promote hair growth.

5. Lifestyle and Supportive Care

• Avoid triggers: Patients should avoid irritants that could worsen the condition, such as harsh shampoos or tight hairstyles.
• Sun protection: Protecting the scalp from UV exposure with hats or sunscreen may help prevent flare-ups.
• Scalp care: Gentle scalp care, avoiding excessive scratching, and keeping the scalp clean can help reduce symptoms.

6. Monitoring and Long-Term Management

• LPP is a chronic condition, and relapses may occur. Regular follow-up with a dermatologist is crucial to adjust treatments and monitor disease activity.

Since treatment response varies between individuals, a combination approach often works best, and it may take time to find the most effective regimen.

What is ketoconazole?

Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal medication that belongs to the azole class of antifungals. It is primarily used to treat fungal infections on the skin, hair, and mucous membranes. Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the growth of fungi by disrupting their cell membranes.

Forms of Ketoconazole

1. Topical Forms:
   • Shampoo: Commonly used for treating dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain scalp conditions caused by yeast-like fungi (Malassezia).
   • Cream: Used for treating fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and yeast infections.
2. Oral Form (less common now): Previously used to treat systemic fungal infections, but due to potential side effects, especially liver toxicity, oral ketoconazole is less frequently prescribed and is often reserved for specific situations.

How Ketoconazole Works

Ketoconazole works by inhibiting an enzyme called cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase, which is essential for synthesizing a substance called ergosterol in fungal cell membranes. Without ergosterol, the cell membrane becomes weakened, leading to the death of the fungus.

Ketoconazole shampoo is sometimes used as part of a treatment plan for hair loss, although it was originally developed as an antifungal treatment. 

Here's how it can help with hair loss:

1. Anti-inflammatory Properties

Ketoconazole has anti-inflammatory effects that may help reduce scalp inflammation, which is sometimes associated with hair thinning or loss. Inflammation around hair follicles can disrupt the growth cycle of the hair, so reducing it may improve hair density.

2. DHT Blocker

One of the primary causes of androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss) is the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT binds to hair follicles, shrinking them and shortening their life cycle, which leads to hair thinning and loss. Ketoconazole is believed to act as a mild DHT blocker, reducing the impact of DHT on hair follicles.

3. Improves Scalp Health

Ketoconazole shampoo is effective in treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, which are caused by a yeast called Malassezia. Improving scalp health can help create an environment conducive to hair growth, especially if dandruff or other scalp conditions are contributing to hair loss.

4. Use in Combination with Other Treatments

Ketoconazole shampoo is often used alongside other hair loss treatments, like minoxidil or finasteride, to improve overall results. While it may not regrow hair on its own, using it in combination with these treatments can help maximize hair retention and reduce further loss.

How to Use

• Frequency: Typically, it's recommended to use ketoconazole shampoo 2–3 times a week.
• Application: Massage the shampoo into the scalp and leave it on for 3–5 minutes before rinsing thoroughly.

Side Effects

Ketoconazole shampoo is generally safe, but it may cause:

• Dryness or irritation: Prolonged use can sometimes lead to a dry or irritated scalp.
• Hair texture changes: Some users report changes in hair texture, like dryness or roughness.

Effectiveness for Hair Loss

While there is evidence that ketoconazole can be beneficial for hair loss, particularly in cases of androgenetic alopecia, it's often not a standalone solution. Its best results are seen when used as part of a broader hair care and treatment regimen.

Using Nizoral Shampoo for Treating Hair Loss 

Nizoral is a well-known brand of shampoo that contains ketoconazole as its active ingredient. While Nizoral is not specifically marketed as a hair loss treatment, it has been found to be useful in combating androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness). 

It works by inhibiting the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone linked to hair follicle shrinkage and hair thinning. As a mild DHT blocker, Nizoral shampoo can help reduce further hair loss when used as part of a broader treatment regimen, though it’s typically used in combination with treatments like minoxidil or finasteride or HR23+. 

How to Use Nizoral Shampoo

• For Dandruff or Seborrheic Dermatitis: Apply Nizoral shampoo to the scalp, massaging it gently into the scalp and hair. Leave it on for about 3–5 minutes before rinsing thoroughly. Typically, it's used 2–3 times per week until symptoms improve, then it can be reduced to a maintenance schedule, such as once a week.

• For Hair Loss: Users often incorporate Nizoral shampoo into their hair care routine 2–3 times per week. It should be left on the scalp for a few minutes to allow the ketoconazole to be absorbed.

Strengths of Nizoral Shampoo

Nizoral shampoo is available in two common strengths:

1. 1% Ketoconazole: This version is available over-the-counter (OTC) and is suitable for mild cases of dandruff or general maintenance.
2. 2% Ketoconazole: This version is usually available by prescription, though it can be OTC in some regions. It’s stronger and typically used for more severe scalp conditions or for those seeking added benefit for hair loss management.

Potential Side Effects

• Scalp Irritation: Some users may experience redness, itching, or irritation of the scalp after using Nizoral, especially if they have sensitive skin.
• Dry or Oily Hair: Depending on hair type and frequency of use, Nizoral may leave the hair feeling dry or, in some cases, oily.
• Hair Texture Changes: Some users report that frequent use of Nizoral shampoo can alter hair texture, making it feel drier or coarser.

Effectiveness

• For Scalp Conditions: Nizoral is highly effective at treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Users often notice a significant reduction in flaking and itching after just a few uses.
• For Hair Loss: While the evidence supporting Nizoral’s ability to combat hair loss is less robust than for minoxidil or finasteride, there are studies suggesting that it can improve hair density and slow down hair thinning when used regularly as part of a broader hair care routine.

Conclusion

Nizoral shampoo is a versatile treatment, primarily for fungal scalp conditions but with added potential benefits for those experiencing hair loss. It’s generally well-tolerated, but for those using it specifically for hair loss, combining it with other treatments may yield better results.

Weight loss can lead to hair loss due to several factors related to changes in diet, stress, and nutritional deficiencies. Here’s how weight loss can contribute to hair thinning or shedding:

1. Nutritional Deficiencies

Rapid or extreme weight loss, especially when achieved through restrictive diets, can result in a deficiency of essential nutrients necessary for hair growth, such as:

• Protein: Hair is made primarily of keratin, a protein. Insufficient protein intake can cause the body to prioritize vital organs over hair growth, leading to hair thinning.
• Iron: Iron deficiency is a common cause of hair loss, as iron is essential for oxygenating hair follicles. Low iron levels can lead to a type of hair loss called telogen effluvium.
• Zinc and Biotin: These are vital for healthy hair growth. Lack of zinc or biotin can impair hair health, causing hair to become brittle or fall out.
• Vitamins: Low levels of vitamins like Vitamin D, A, and B-complex (especially B12) can lead to hair shedding because these vitamins help regulate the hair cycle.

2. Caloric Restriction

Significant caloric restriction reduces the energy available for non-essential body functions, such as hair production. In such cases, the body goes into a survival mode, limiting energy for hair growth, which may cause hair follicles to enter the resting phase (telogen phase), leading to hair shedding.

3. Stress (Physical and Emotional)

Rapid weight loss, particularly through strict diets or exercise, can be physically stressful to the body. This stress can trigger telogen effluvium, where a higher proportion of hair follicles prematurely shift into the shedding phase. Emotional stress related to weight loss can also exacerbate this condition.

4. Hormonal Changes

Weight loss can sometimes lead to hormonal imbalances, particularly in women. For example:

• Thyroid hormones: Extreme weight changes can affect thyroid function, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism, which can cause hair loss.
• Estrogen and Androgens: Sudden changes in body fat can disrupt estrogen levels, causing hair to thin. In some cases, weight loss can lead to an increase in androgen production, contributing to hair thinning, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals.

5. Crash Diets and Fad Diets

Quick-fix diets that restrict certain food groups or limit intake of important macronutrients often fail to provide the necessary building blocks for healthy hair, leading to malnutrition and hair loss. For example, low-carb diets can sometimes result in nutrient deficiencies that impact hair health.

6. Dehydration

During weight loss, some people lose water weight rapidly, leading to dehydration. Dehydration affects scalp health, making it dry, which can further cause hair to become brittle and prone to shedding.

Preventing Hair Loss During Weight Loss

To prevent or minimize hair loss during weight loss:

• Follow a balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
• Lose weight gradually to avoid shocking the body.
• Consider supplementing with tried and test supplement like HR23+.
• Stay hydrated and avoid overly restrictive or fad diets.
• Manage stress through techniques like mindfulness, yoga, or counselling. 
  
  

The full effects of black caster oil on hair health... 

Black castor oil, particularly Jamaican black castor oil (JBCO), is popular for promoting hair growth and improving hair health. Derived from the seeds of the castor plant (Ricinus communis), it differs from regular castor oil in its extraction process. 

How Black Castor Oil is Made:

• Roasting: The castor seeds are first roasted, which is the primary step that gives the oil its dark color. The ash produced from roasting is incorporated into the oil, which is why it's called "black" castor oil.
• Pressing: After roasting, the seeds are pressed to extract the oil. The result is a thick, dark, and often more pungent oil compared to the regular pale yellow castor oil.

Key Components:

• Ricinoleic Acid: This is the primary fatty acid in black castor oil, making up about 90% of its composition. Ricinoleic acid is known for its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and antimicrobial properties.
• Ash Content: The ash from the roasted seeds is believed to contribute to the oil's effectiveness in promoting hair growth and improving hair and scalp health.
  
  

Benefits of Black Castor Oil for Hair Growth:

1. Promotes Hair Growth: The oil is rich in ricinoleic acid, an omega-9 fatty acid, which helps stimulate blood circulation to the scalp. This increased circulation nourishes the hair follicles, potentially promoting faster and thicker hair growth.

2. Moisturizes and Conditions: Black castor oil is highly moisturizing, making it ideal for dry or brittle hair. It helps lock in moisture, which can lead to stronger, less breakable hair.

3. Prevents Hair Loss: By nourishing the scalp and strengthening the hair shaft, it can help reduce hair loss and breakage.

4. Reduces Scalp Issues: The antifungal and antibacterial properties of black castor oil can help keep the scalp healthy, reducing dandruff and other scalp conditions that might inhibit hair growth.

5. Thickens Hair: Regular application of the oil is believed to increase the thickness of hair strands, making the hair appear fuller over time.

How to Use Black Castor Oil for Hair Growth:

1. Scalp Massage: Apply a small amount of black castor oil to your fingertips and massage it into your scalp in circular motions. This helps improve blood circulation and ensures that the oil penetrates the scalp effectively.

2. Hot Oil Treatment: Warm the oil slightly (not too hot) and apply it to your scalp and hair. Cover your hair with a shower cap and leave it on for 30 minutes to an hour before washing it out with shampoo. This deep conditioning treatment can be done once a week.

3. Leave-in Treatment: You can use a small amount of the oil as a leave-in conditioner. Apply it to the ends of your hair to help seal in moisture and prevent split ends.

4. Mix with Other Oils: Combine black castor oil with other oils like coconut, argan, or olive oil for added benefits. This can also help dilute the oil if you find it too thick for your liking.

Precautions:

• Patch Test: Always do a patch test before applying black castor oil to your scalp to ensure you don't have an allergic reaction.

• Use Sparingly: Due to its thick consistency, a little goes a long way. Using too much might make your hair feel greasy or weighed down.

• Consistency is Key: To see noticeable results, regular use over a period of weeks or months is necessary.

Black castor oil can be a powerful ally in your hair care routine, especially if you're looking to boost growth and improve overall hair health.

There has been speculation and discussion online about whether Mohamed Salah, the Egyptian footballer who plays for Liverpool FC, underwent a hair transplant. However, there hasn't been any official confirmation or statement from Salah or his representatives regarding this.

Fans have noted that his hairline appears fuller compared to earlier in his career, which has led to rumours about a potential hair transplant. It's not uncommon for public figures, including athletes, to undergo such procedures, but without official confirmation, it's purely speculative.

Hair transplants are a popular option for many people dealing with hair loss, and they involve transferring hair follicles from one part of the body (usually the back of the scalp) to the thinning or balding areas. The procedure has become more advanced and common in recent years, leading to natural-looking results.

From a technical standpoint we can say with absolute certainty that Salah has indeed undergone a hair transplant at the front of his hairline, and possibly at the crown region of his scalp, also. Salah's locks were visibly thinning last season, before he cut his hair short. 

Since Salah's return for the new season, his hairline, which was receding into Norwood 3 territory, appears to have been restored, as well as the hair at the crown region, which was visibly thinning last season. 

Such a procedure would have cost the football star in the region of £3,000-£8,000, depending on where he had the surgery done. 

A hairline hair transplant surgery is a cosmetic procedure designed to restore or improve the appearance of the hairline, particularly for those experiencing hair thinning or recession. 

A hairline hair transplant surgery involves relocating hair follicles from a donor area (usually the back or sides of the scalp) to the front of the head, where the hairline is thinning or receding. This procedure helps create a fuller, more youthful hairline.

Minoxidil, commonly used for androgenetic alopecia, shows limited efficacy for treating alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss. Unlike androgenetic alopecia, which is characterized by gradual thinning and hair loss due to hormonal factors, alopecia areata involves the immune system mistakenly attacking hair follicles, leading to more unpredictable and often more severe hair loss.

Minoxidil works by prolonging the anagen phase (the active growth phase of hair follicles) and improving blood flow to the follicles, which can help in some cases of hair loss. However, its effectiveness in alopecia areata is limited because it does not address the underlying autoimmune mechanism causing the hair loss.

Studies and clinical observations have shown that while some patients with alopecia areata may experience hair regrowth with minoxidil, the results are often incomplete and less consistent compared to its use in androgenetic alopecia. In many cases, other treatments like corticosteroids (topical, oral, or injected), immunotherapy, or newer biologic treatments may be necessary to manage the condition more effectively.

Thus, while minoxidil may be part of a treatment plan for alopecia areata, particularly in milder cases, its overall efficacy in this condition remains limited, and it is generally not considered a first-line treatment.

What are the most effective treatment for alopecia areata? 

The most effective treatment for alopecia areata varies depending on the severity of the condition and the extent of hair loss. Since alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder, treatment often focuses on suppressing the immune response to prevent further hair loss and promote regrowth. Here are the most commonly used and effective treatments:

1. Corticosteroids

• Topical Corticosteroids: These are often the first line of treatment for small patches of hair loss. They are applied directly to the affected areas to reduce inflammation and immune activity in the hair follicles.
• Intralesional Corticosteroids: Injections of corticosteroids directly into the patches of hair loss are commonly used for more localized cases. This method is often more effective than topical applications.
• Oral Corticosteroids: These are used in more severe cases, but their long-term use is limited due to potential side effects.

2. Topical Immunotherapy

• Diphencyprone (DPCP) and Squaric Acid Dibutylester (SADBE): These are chemicals applied to the scalp to create an allergic reaction. The induced mild dermatitis is thought to distract the immune system, allowing hair to regrow. This method is particularly useful for more extensive or resistant cases of alopecia areata.

3. Immunosuppressive Agents

• Methotrexate: Often used in combination with corticosteroids, methotrexate suppresses the immune system and can be effective for severe cases, particularly alopecia areata totalis or universalis.
• Cyclosporine: Another immunosuppressant used for severe cases, though it is less commonly used due to potential side effects.

4. Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors

• Tofacitinib and Ruxolitinib: These newer oral medications have shown promising results in treating moderate to severe alopecia areata by targeting the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, which is involved in the immune response that leads to hair loss. These treatments are still under investigation but have been effective in many patients, leading to significant hair regrowth.

5. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Serum (KGF)

• While not highly effective as a standalone treatment for alopecia areata, Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) Serum may be used in combination with other treatments to help promote hair regrowth by extending the anagen phase of the hair cycle.

6. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy

• PRP involves injecting concentrated platelets from the patient’s own blood into the scalp. It is thought to stimulate hair growth and has been used with some success in alopecia areata, although more research is needed.

7. Psychological Support and Counselling

• Given the emotional impact of alopecia areata, psychological support and counselling are often important components of treatment. Stress management and coping strategies can also be beneficial as stress is thought to exacerbate the condition.

8. Other Experimental Treatments

• Ongoing research is exploring new treatments, including biologics that target specific immune pathways involved in alopecia areata. Clinical trials for these new therapies may offer additional options for patients who do not respond to conventional treatments.

The choice of treatment depends on the individual's specific situation, including the extent of hair loss, age, overall health, and treatment goals. Consultation with a dermatologist, particularly one with experience in treating alopecia areata, is essential for developing an effective treatment plan.